Spain

GDP (PPP) per capita (2023): 53,229.92 Int. Dollar Population (2023): 48,347,910 HDI (2023): 0.92
ND-GAIN Country Index rank 30
Score: 60.1
Vulnerability 0.305
Readiness 0.506

The low vulnerability score and high readiness score of Spain places it in the lower-right quadrant of the ND-GAIN Matrix. Adaptation challenges still exist, but Spain is well positioned to adapt. Spain is the 176th most vulnerable country and the 49th most ready country.

ND-GAIN Ranking since 1995

Year 95 96 97 98 99 00 01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 09 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23
Ranking
23
23
22
21
20
20
20
19
18
20
21
23
26
25
26
27
26
24
27
29
28
28
28
28
27
28
28
29
30
Denotes worst scores
Indicator 2004 to 2023 Score
Vulnerability
0.305
Food
0.322
Projected change of cereal yields
0.801
Projected population change
0.086
Food import dependency
0.190
Rural population
0.199
Agriculture capacity
0.656
Child malnutrition
0
Water
0.264
Projected change of annual runoff
0.453
Projected change of annual groundwater recharge
0.186
Fresh water withdrawal rate
0.223
Water dependency ratio
0.003
Dam capacity
0.716
Access to reliable drinking water
0.004
Health
0.287
Projected change of deaths from climate change induced diseases
0.030
Projected change in vector-borne diseases
0.658
Dependency on external resource for health services
-
Slum population
0
Medical staff
0.647
Access to improved sanitation facilities
0.101
Ecosystem Services
0.279
Projected change of biome distribution
0.647
Projected change of marine biodiversity
0.340
Natural capital dependency
0.038
Ecological footprint
0.327
Protected biome
0.149
Engagement in international environmental conventions
0.170
Human Habitat
0.370
Projected change of warm periods
0.084
Projected change of flood hazard
0.533
Urban concentration
0.801
Age dependency ratio
0.485
Quality of trade and transport infrastructure
0.308
Paved roads
0.010
Infrastructure
0.306
Projected change of hydropower generation capacity
0.476
Projected change of sea level rise impacts
0.042
Dependency on imported energy
0.771
Population living under 5m above sea level
0.241
Electricity access
0
Disaster preparedness
-