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| GDP (PPP) per capita (2021): 31,900.94 Int. Dollar | Population (2021): 4,351,267 | HDI (2021): 0.81 |
ND-GAIN Country Index rank
90
Score: 48.7
Vulnerability
0.401
Readiness
0.376
The low vulnerability score and high readiness score of Panama places it in the lower-right quadrant of the ND-GAIN Matrix. Adaptation challenges still exist, but Panama is well positioned to adapt. Panama is the 104th most vulnerable country and the 108th most ready country.
ND-GAIN Ranking since 1995
| Year | 95 | 96 | 97 | 98 | 99 | 00 | 01 | 02 | 03 | 04 | 05 | 06 | 07 | 08 | 09 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 | 17 | 18 | 19 | 20 | 21 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Ranking | 85 | 84 | 83 | 84 | 84 | 86 | 84 | 83 | 88 | 86 | 90 | 85 | 85 | 80 | 82 | 78 | 78 | 81 | 82 | 77 | 76 | 81 | 83 | 83 | 86 | 89 | 90 |
| Indicator | 2002 to 2021 | Score |
|---|---|---|
| Vulnerability | 0.401 | |
| Food | 0.471 | |
| Projected change of cereal yields | 0.960 | |
| Projected population change | 0.285 | |
| Food import dependency | 0.286 | |
| Rural population | 0.337 | |
| Agriculture capacity | 0.911 | |
| Child malnutrition | 0.050 | |
| Water | 0.245 | |
| Projected change of annual runoff | 0.438 | |
| Projected change of annual groundwater recharge | 0.285 | |
| Fresh water withdrawal rate | 0.007 | |
| Water dependency ratio | 0.019 | |
| Dam capacity | 0.473 | |
| Access to reliable drinking water | - | |
| Health | 0.393 | |
| Projected change of deaths from climate change induced diseases | 0.303 | |
| Projected change in vector-borne diseases | 0.659 | |
| Dependency on external resource for health services | 0.010 | |
| Slum population | 0.164 | |
| Medical staff | 0.827 | |
| Access to improved sanitation facilities | - | |
| Ecosystem Services | 0.379 | |
| Projected change of biome distribution | 0.471 | |
| Projected change of marine biodiversity | 0.497 | |
| Natural capital dependency | 0.219 | |
| Ecological footprint | 0.207 | |
| Protected biome | 0.296 | |
| Engagement in international environmental conventions | 0.583 | |
| Human Habitat | 0.525 | |
| Projected change of warm periods | 0.336 | |
| Projected change of flood hazard | 0.556 | |
| Urban concentration | 0.663 | |
| Age dependency ratio | 0.530 | |
| Quality of trade and transport infrastructure | 0.479 | |
| Paved roads | 0.587 | |
| Infrastructure | 0.392 | |
| Projected change of hydropower generation capacity | 0.429 | |
| Projected change of sea level rise impacts | 0.140 | |
| Dependency on imported energy | 1.000 | |
| Population living under 5m above sea level | 0.363 | |
| Electricity access | 0.033 | |
| Disaster preparedness | 0.388 |